Examples of unauthorised absence would include failing to turn up for work without just cause and failing to comply with the company's rules for reporting sick (provided that those rules are reasonable).
In these cases there may be no obligation on employers to pay wages, although statutory sick pay may be due. In addition the employee faces the risk of disciplinary action.
Employers would not normally pay wages when employees go on strike, although the employee would have qualified protection against disciplinary action by the employer.